Discovery of Benzo-15-crown-5

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The rate formation of benzo-3x-crown-x ethers with x = 4,5,7,10 and 16 via intramolecular alkylation of o–OC6H4(OCH2CH2)x-1Br in 99percent aqueous Me2SO was found to be markedly affected by added alkali metal bromides.Catalysis or inhibition was observed, depending on the cation-substrate pair.Combination of the present results with those previously reported for the formation of B18C6 offers a large variety of patterns.The magnitude of the observed effects ranges over four powers of ten.The dependence of the observed rates (kobsd) on metal ion concentration was expessed in terms of independent contributions from free and cation-paired aryl oxide ions, whose relative weights are ruled by the rate constants ki and kip, respectively, and by the ion-pairing association constants KArO-.A self-consistent analysis was used to derive numerical values of the above parameters.A definite contribution from an additional reaction path involving two metal ions was detected in the case of the K+-catalyzed formation of B30C10.The equilibrium constants KC for associations between many cation-crown pairs were also determined under the same conditions.A comparative analysis of structure and metal ion effects on the extent of interaction of the alkali metal ions with the reactants, transition states, and reaction products shows that the cation interaction in the transition state is strongly reminiscent of the host-guest interactions found in the cation-B3XCx complexes.The catalytic efficiency of the alkali metal ioms (log kip/ki) shows a definite tendency to parallel the strength of interaction with the reaction products (log KC), thus indicating that a metal ion capable of binding strongly with a crown ether is also a good catalyst for the formation of the crown ether itself.

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Chiral Catalysts,
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An IR spectroscopic investigation of extraction system components was carried out to study the complexation in the extraction of acetic, monochloroacetic, dichloroacetic, and trichloroacetic acids into benzo-15-crown-5 in chloroform. It was shown that acid extraction into chloroform (blank extraction) may give adducts via two mechanisms involving either the chloroform hydrogen atom and the carbonyl oxygen of the acid or the chloroform hydrogen atom and the chlorine atom of the chloroacetic acids. A spectral criterion for the complexation with benzo-15-crown-5 was proposed. It was shown that the extractable complexes incorporate water molecules.

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Chiral Catalysts,
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A novel luminescent chemosensor for detecting Hg2+ with high selectivity, based on a pendant benzo crown ether terbium complex, has been designed and prepared.

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Chiral Catalysts,
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A novel supramolecular compound of europium(III), {[Eu(CH 3OH)6(H2O)2][PMo12O 40]}·(C14H20O5) 2·(CH3OH)2·(CH 3CN)2 (1) (where C14H20O 5 is benzo-15-crown-5), was synthesised and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, FT-IR, FT-Raman, 1H and 13C NMR, 31P MAS NMR and elemental analysis. Compound 1 crystallizes in the triclinic P1? space group, with a=13.821(3), b=15.417(3), c=20.786(4)A?, alpha=96.10(3), beta=99.79(3) and gamma=91.17(3), V=4336.6(15)A?3, Z=2 and R1(wR2)=0.0894(0.2346).

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Chiral Catalysts,
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The title compounds 4 are synthesized either by alkylation of pyrocatechole 1 in 4-position and followed by ring closure with 1,11-dichloro-3,6,9-trioxaundecane or by alkylation of benzo<15>-crown-5 3.In most cases the way first mentioned gives better results.Analytical samples of the alkylated benzo<15>crown-5 ethers 4 are obtained through complexing with KSCN.Physical data and 1H-n.m.r.-spectra of 5 new pyrocatecholes 2 and 6 new benzo<15>crown-5 ethers 4 are given.

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Chiral Catalysts,
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Processes for synthesizing para-nitrodiphenylamines whereby a para-halonitrobenzene is reacted with an aromatic amine selected from the group consisting of formanilides and anilines (substituted and unsubstituted) in the presence of a basic material (to remove acid) are improved by the incorporation of certain select solubilizing agents into the reaction medium. These solubilizing agents are linear, branched, or cyclic polyethers. Some of the resulting advantages are: higher reaction yield, less by-products, and a faster reaction.

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Chiral Catalysts,
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Discovery of Benzo-15-crown-5

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A series of tautomeric chromoionophores were prepared photochemically from 1-aryloxyanthraquinones and 4?-aminobenzo-15-crown-5 ether. All the synthesized dyes can bind strontium and barium cations as sandwich-type 2:1 ligand?metal complexes that show higher stability constants (K2:1) than the corresponding 1:1 complexes (K1:1), the K2:1/K1:1ratio reaching a value of 10 (in MeCN). The inverse relation, i.e. K2:1 < K1:1, is observed for the related complexes of unsubstituted benzo-15-crown-5 ether. The sandwich complexes were studied by spectrophotometry,1H NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and density functional theory calculations. A correlation was found between the K2:1/K1:1ratio and the number of short stacking contacts in the sandwich complex. The proportionality constant is the rate constant for the particular unimolecular reaction. the reaction rate is directly proportional to the concentration of the reactant. I hope my blog about 14098-44-3 is helpful to your research., Application of 14098-44-3

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Chiral Catalysts,
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A new europium(III) supramolecular adduct constructed from alpha-Keggin-type [PW12O40]3- anions, benzo-15-crown-5 and dibenzo-30-crown-10 molecules, {[Eu(CH3OH) (H2O)8]2[Eu(H2O)8] [PW12O40]3}·8(C14H 20O5)·2(C28H40O 10)·6(CH3OH)·6(H2O), was prepared and its crystal structure determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The compound was further characterized using FT-IR, FT-Raman and 13C CP MAS NMR spectroscopy.

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Chiral Catalysts,
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Crown ethers containing 3,4-thiophenediyl and 3,4-thiophenediylbis(methylene) subunits as a ring constituent were prepared starting from 2,5-bis(ethoxycarbonyl)-3,4-thiophenediol and 2,5-dichloro-3,4-bis(chloromethyl)thiophene, respectively.A Raney nickel desulfurization of the thiophene-containing crown ethers afforded crown ethers having two adjacent side chains, such as a methyl or ethoxycarbonylmethyl group.The extraction ability of these crown ethers towards alkali metal cations was also examined by the solvent extraction method.

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Chiral Catalysts,
Chiral catalysts – SlideShare

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The effect of {(1-x)N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA) + xH2O} on the thermodynamics of benzo-15-crown-5 (B15C5) ether/Na+ complex formation at 298.15 K was investigated. B15C5/Na+ complexes were enthalpy stabilized and entropy stabilized in the mixed solvent DMA-water. The benzene ring was unable to form complexes with Na+ in {(1-x)DMA + xH2O}, {(1-x)dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) + xH2O}, and {(1-x)N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) + xH2O}. A simple model was developed to describe the relationship between the thermodynamic functions of complex formation of crown ethers with Na+ and the structural and energetic properties of the mixed solvent. The effect decreased in the following series of solvents: DMA > DMF > DMSO or with the decrease in their hydrophobic properties. The enthalpy-entropy compensation for the complex formation process between the crown ethers (15C5 or B15C5) and Na+ appeared in the mixed water-organic solvent within the whole range of mixed solvent composition, if the structure of the mixed solvent was not disturbed by specific interactions between the molecules of crown ethers and those of mixture components.

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Reference:
Chiral Catalysts,
Chiral catalysts – SlideShare